P2 Cycle in WDM Networks

P2 Cycle in WDM Networks P2-CYCLE IN WDM NETWORKS M.DILEEP Smt K .APARNA Dynamic The Failure Independent Path Protection (FIPP) p cycle is proficient plan. On the off chance that disappointment happens in pre designed cycle it is assurance is reconfigured between those two hubs. In this paper we utilize Parasitic Protection Links (PPL). PPL’s are p-cycles with have appended joins. PPL’s are utilized to secure the disappointment hubs as well as it associated with PPL to cycle. P2 cycle is known as p cycle with parasitic assurance joins. We address The P2 cycle in work systems can be examined by utilizing single connection disappointment. We further propose two P2-cycle based heuristic calculations, Strict Routing Protection (SRP) and Flexible Routing Protection (FRP), to address the dynamic traffic case. In the dynamic case, both SRP and FRP outflank FIPP p-cycle plans as far as blocking likelihood in many situations considered. When all is said in done, the P2-cycle security conspire beats the p-cycle situated as far as limit efficiencies which being marginally more slow as far as traffic recuperation speed. Catchphrases: Parasitic Protection Links (PPL), Strict Routing Protection (SRP), Flexible Routing Protection (FRP). I. Presentation System survivability, characterized as the Continuous activities of system are acted on the off chance that disappointment happened in the system [3]. In for the most part optical systems convey data in terabytes. A disappointment in arrange causes parcel of loss of information. Ring based systems can undoubtedly come because of their structure and quick recuperation the executives. In ring based it takes 50-60ms however it gives limit excess high. As work based systems developed, greater limit effective insurance plans were proposed which permit reinforcement limit sharing. These plans are into three classes: connect based, portion based and way based [29]. Connection based insurance plans produce the quick traffic recuperation speed however experience the ill effects of the most noticeably terrible asset proficiency . Best asset productivity is accomplished by way based insurance plot. Mutual Backup Path Protection (SBPP) is one of the way insurance plans. it is high limit. upon a system disappointment. It requires some investment o recoup from traffic. Portion based security plans lie between the connection based and way based plans, and offer a superior blend of transmission capacity effectiveness and recuperation time. Way based insurance conspires generally accomplish the best asset proficiency. Among them, a way security plot, specifically, Shared Backup Path Protection (SBPP), was demonstrated to be the most limit effective insurance conspire [8]. Be that as it may, it experiences long traffic recuperation time upon a system disappointment. Portion based assurance plans lie between the connection based and way based plans, and offer a superior blend of data transfer capacity productivity and recuperation time . The pre-arranged assurance cycle is known as p-cycle, joins the great characteristics of work and ring based insurance plots and accomplishes the recuperation speed of ring-based with the limit effectiveness of work security. P-cycle has been demonstrated hypothetically to be the most proficient pre-arranged insurance plot regarding limit effectiveness and recuperation speed . II. Dynamic Traffic Scenarios In unique rush hour gridlock without the earlier information on appearance time of future solicitations. Due to the pre-arrangement property of conventional p-cycles, it is amazingly hard to re-arrangement all the assurance cycles at whatever point another meeting shows up so as to limit generally speaking expense. Each provisioning takes enormous calculation cost and complex system reconfiguration. In this way, a large portion of the work in the writing accept that set up p-cycles ought not change with time or traffic. The creators in proposed three diverse steering calculations alongside interface based p-cycle assurance plan to manage dynamic traffic. The outcomes show that the proposed p-cycle based plan performs better than SBPP in thick systems yet more regrettable in inadequate systems. Secured Working Capacity Envelopes (PWCE) is another technique to address dynamic traffic situations. It isolates the whole system into two segments: working and assurance. Both static and dyna mic traffic can be suited as long as the complete traffic don't surpass the restriction of working envelopes. Albeit some respectable outcomes have been appeared in the writing, p-cycles despite everything have such natural shortcoming in managing dynamic traffic. In the event that an approaching meeting whose end hubs don't lie on any cycle, it can't be secured and another cycle must be developed to ensure this meeting, or the current cycles must be reconfigured. A model appeared in Figure 4.2 delineates such shortcoming and furthermore uncovers the benefit of P2-cycles. In Fig. 4.2(a), session1 has been provisioned and ensured by cycle C1(ECBFE). As meeting 2 shows up, the essential way of meeting 2 is provisioned as P2(ABCD). Under FIPP p-cycle conspire, cycle C1 can't secure it and along these lines another cycle C2(ABCDEFA) is built to ensure it as appeared in Fig.4.2(b). In any case, rather than building another cycle, utilizing P2-cycle approach we can include two PPLs (A,F) and (D,E) to interface the end hubs of P2 with the end goal that C1 can likewise give an insurance section (AFE D) for P2 as appeared in Fig.4.2(c). Along these lines, the two meetings are ensured by a P2-cycle with significantly less expense. Fig 1: P2-cycle manages Dynamic Traffic III. Issue Statement In unique rush hour gridlock situations, a WDM work arrange is given with organize assets, for example, the greatest number of frequencies and the expense on each range. Each traffic demand shows up to the system in a powerful style with the end goal that it should be considered separately dependent on the current system status. The system status comprises of the nitty gritty working and accessible frequencies on each length just as all the acknowledged meetings and P2-cycles provisioned in the system. Given a system demonstrated as an undirected diagram G = (V;E) where each undirected range e2E has a cost ce, the current system which incorporates the as of now utilized and accessible frequencies on each length e, each acknowledged meeting l and their assurance P2-cycles. Arrangement approaching unicast meetings against any single-interface disappointment with the base generally blocking likelihood by utilizing P2-cycle plot. The suspicions required in this unique traffic case are equivalent to that in the static case. We plan two heuristics to address the dynamic traffic case. In the main strategy, named Strict Routing Protection (SRP), the essential and security way for every approaching meeting are figured independently. The essential way is initially provisioned utilizing Dijkstras most limited directing calculation. In view of the essential way, either a current P2-cycle or another cycle is found to ensure it. In the subsequent technique, named Flexible Routing Protection (FRP), the essential and insurance ways of an approaching meeting are built mutually. The current P2-cycles will be wanted to being utilized first. On the off chance that no current one can secure the meeting, another cycle will be framed. We permit save limit sharing between various meetings to expand the limit effectiveness. A. Severe Routing Protection (SRP): The inspiration of SRP is to consistently pick the most brief way to course the essential traffic so as to leave progressively save limit with respect to security, since the limit utilized for essential way can't be shared among various meetings. And afterward we check whether any accessible P2 cycle can be misused to ensure this recently settled meeting. Once being set up, the cycle for a P2-cycle can't be changed. The assurance connects that are added to PPL’s are one jump away from end hubs. The detail of the calculation SRP portrayed in following advances: 1. As another meeting dl(sl; tl) shows up, set up the essential way fl among sl and tl under current system status by utilizing Dijkstras calculation. On the off chance that it comes up short, the meeting is blocked; 2. Sort all the current P2-cycles, cp â‚ ¬ C, in the expanding request of (dl; cp), which is One bounce shows that there exists a range in the system that associates a hub to the cycle. In the event that (dl; cp) = limitless 1 for all cp â‚ ¬ C, at that point no current cycle can secure this new meeting. In this manner, another cycle should be developed to secure dl. 3. For each current insurance cycle, cp, we build a brief diagram G0, comprising of just the cycle ranges of cp and all the ranges associating the source and goal hubs of l to the cycle . All the ranges utilized by fl ought to be evacuated to guarantee that its security way is interface disjoint. At that point, all the meetings ensured by cp are checked and if a current meeting in D can have the equivalent cp with the new meeting l, we should ensure that either their essential ways or their assurance ways are interface disjoint. we evacuate the assurance ways of the considerable number of meetings in D whose essential ways are not interface disjoint with fl. In the event that a security way can at present be found in the remaining G0 this assurance way will be ql for l. In like manner, the assurance cycle is likewise decided, which ought to be refreshed if some PPLs are additionally utilized. 4. In the event that each current cp neglects to secure dl, another cycle will be developed to ensure it. We first endeavor to discover two various ways to shape a cycle that is interface disjoint to fl. In the event that such cycle can't be discovered, at that point we discover a way, ql, connect disjoint to fl and the cycle is framed by consolidating ql with fl. B. Adaptable Routing Protection (FRP): Not quite the same as SRP, the adaptable directing assurance conspire considers essential and security ways together for each showing up meeting. Rather than deciding the essential way ahead of time, we look at each current P2-cycle and locate every potential assurance way along the cycle that can associate the source and goal. For every potential insurance way, we attempt to find an essential way for it. On the off chance that it succeeds, the meeting is acknowledged. Something else, another cycle is developed to secure the meeting. Adaptable Routing Protection (FRP) Scheme Calculation FRP is clarified in following

The Role of the Settings in the Novel Passing by Nella Larson

My preferred occasion Do you like occasions? On the off chance that you resemble me you do. On the off chance that you like to commend occasions you could attempt to be energetic about them. I love Halloween since I alarm individuals and go stunt or-treating. My preferred occasion is Halloween since I like treats, frightening individuals, and seeing embellishments. To start with, I like treats, since that is a major piece of Halloween. I love the flavor of all the various confections. At the point when I go stunt or-treating I get the chance to attempt new sweets I haven’t yet. A portion of the time the candy is acceptable and at times not. I live by individuals from various nations so I get the opportunity to attempt many treats. That is one explanation I like Halloween. Second, I like to terrify individuals. At the point when me and my companions leap out of a shrubbery it is entertaining to perceive what individuals do. Another explanation I like to frighten individuals is to see their responses. We will compose a custom paper test on My Favorite Holiday or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page I think it gives the Halloween sprit to everybody as well. That is the reason I like to alarm individuals. Ultimately, I like to see the designs. A few people put out to a lot or to little and it just destroys the entire thing. When there is the perfect measure of beautifications I think it looks cool. I like to get frightened so I like to see all the enrichments. That is the reason I like the beautifications. Taking everything into account, I like Halloween since I like treats, terrifying individuals, and seeing the designs. Candy is my preferred piece of Halloween. Terrifying individuals is my preferred activity on Halloween. I like to see all the unnerving enrichments on Halloween. That is the reason I like Halloween.

Tokyo Story Directed by Yasujir Ozu Essay Example For Students

Tokyo Story Directed by Yasujir Ozu Essay Of Tokyo Story, Roger Ebert composed: â€Å"It recognizes the film. It says, truly, a film can assist us with making little strides against our defects. † Jeffrey Overstreet watched: â€Å"These characters never shock us with anything pompous, startling, or exciting. They’re standard individuals, treated with wild consideration that feels like profound regard. † Philip Frenchcalled it â€Å"one of the cinema’s generally significant and moving investigations of wedded love, maturing and the relations among guardians and kids. This is high recognition for a Japanese movie that the normal moviegoer might not have known about, by a chief who isn’t an easily recognized name. For what reason does Tokyo Storywin such honors in film buff circles? Let’s remove our shoes by the entryway and research. The acclaim: Every 10 years, the British Film Institute’s Sight Sound magazine reviews a huge, universal gathering of pundits and film specialists to arrange a rundown of the best movies ever. Tokyo Story showed up on the two latest records, at No. 3 out of 1992 and No. 5 out of 2002. The film is additionally remembered for Time magazine and Empire magazine’s arrangements of the best movies of the twentieth century. The specific situation: Now thought to be one of Japan’s most prominent chiefs, Yasujiro Ozu (1903-1963) wasn’t notable outside his country until after his demise. His most acclaimed film, Tokyo Story, was made in 1953 yet didn’t play in the U. S. until 1972, and it was an additional 20 years before it climbed onto Sight Sound’s once 10 years review. Or, in other words, the story behind Tokyo Story‘s reputation is as moderate moving as the story in Tokyo Story. Ozu began making films during the quiet time, turning out two or three dozen of them, generally shorts, somewhere in the range of 1927 and 1932 alone. His work during the 1930s began to move away from parody and toward dramatization and social analysis, and however he wasn’t a significant film industry draw, he was appreciated by Japanese pundits. His profession was hindered by stretches in the military during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II, and it was after these encounters that he delivered his most critical movies. Basically everything you’ll ever found out about Ozu relates to one of the 13 films he made among 1949 and his passing in 1962. They manage common human encounters like family, marriage, and passing, however Ozu himself never wedded or had kids. Tokyo Story was imagined and created in a similar workmanlike way as the greater part of Ozu’s films. He and colleague Kogo Noda (who co-composed portion of the considerable number of movies Ozu ever constructed) went through around 14 weeks drinking purpose and composing the screenplay. This was trailed by half a month of exploring areas, at that point four months of shooting and altering. Ozu utilized a ton of a similar cast and team starting with one film then onto the next, which helped things run easily. There was nothing about the task to propose that it would come to be considered Ozu’s magnum opus; even the title was commonly conventional. (It was one of four Ozu movies to have the word â€Å"Tokyo† in it. Other Ozu titles incorporate Late Spring, Early Summer, Good Morning, Tokyo Twilight, The Only Son, and There Was a Father. ) Part of the explanation Ozu’s films weren’t sent out toward the West during the 1950s, when counterparts like Akira Kurosawa were getting a charge out of so much universal achievement, was that Ozu didn’t make period pieces or samurai motion pictures. Japanese wholesalers didn’t think films managing current, everyday Japanese life would hold any importance with Western watchers, so they didn’t trouble attempting to trade them. Accordingly, when Ozu’s motion pictures did at long last arrive at American shores, cinephiles who were acquainted with Japanese film being about geishas and samurais in light of the fact that those were the main Japanese motion pictures they’d approached were stricken with the sheer conventionality of Ozu’s stories. Moreover, Ozu’s motion pictures made it to the U. S. at an accidental second. .u43fac0792d54162fbf30a2d33033a1bb , .u43fac0792d54162fbf30a2d33033a1bb .postImageUrl , .u43fac0792d54162fbf30a2d33033a1bb .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u43fac0792d54162fbf30a2d33033a1bb , .u43fac0792d54162fbf30a2d33033a1bb:hover , .u43fac0792d54162fbf30a2d33033a1bb:visited , .u43fac0792d54162fbf30a2d33033a1bb:active { border:0!important; } .u43fac0792d54162fbf30a2d33033a1bb .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u43fac0792d54162fbf30a2d33033a1bb { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u43fac0792d54162fbf30a2d33033a1bb:active , .u43fac0792d54162fbf30a2d33033a1bb:hover { darkness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u43fac0792d54162fbf30a2d33033a1bb .focused content region { width: 100%; position: rel ative; } .u43fac0792d54162fbf30a2d33033a1bb .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enhancement: underline; } .u43fac0792d54162fbf30a2d33033a1bb .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u43fac0792d54162fbf30a2d33033a1bb .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u43fac0792d54162fbf30a2d33033a1bb:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!importan t; } .u43fac0792d54162fbf30a2d33033a1bb .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u43fac0792d54162fbf30a2d33033a1bb-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u43fac0792d54162fbf30a2d33033a1bb:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Analysis and depiction of auxiliary and constructional thoughts EssayAs film researcher David Desser composed, â€Å"That films were moderately plotless and saturated with regular day to day existence caused them to appear on the off chance that not part of, at that point identified with, the French New Wave or the serious style and topics of Michelangelo Antonioni and Ingmar Bergman. † Tokyo Story fit in with the 1960s workmanship house style, despite the fact that it pre-dated it by over 10 years. The film: An old a couple take the long train venture from Onomichi to Tokyo to visit their grown-up yo ungsters potentially once and for all, given their propelling age and the separation between the two urban communities. They find that while their kids are happy to see them, no one possesses any energy for them. It’s sort of dismal. What to search for: The movies recounts to an apparently normal story including some apparently standard individuals. However there is something bizarre and standoffish about the way Ozu portrays it. The characters talk such that sounds firm and formalized to present day, Western ears. You may ponder: Is this actually how Japanese families associated in 1953? Or on the other hand is it exactly how Japanese moviesdepicted Japanese families in 1953? Would a Japanese watcher in 1953 have thought, as do we, â€Å"Man, it’s dismal that these individuals don’t treat their folks better†? Or then again would the watcher have thought, â€Å"Eh, that’s how life goes†? You’ll be happy to realize that film geeks have been talking about the responses to those inquiries for 50 years. Ozu’s style was purposely formal, which featured (and perhaps misrepresented) the amiability of Japanese society. Be that as it may, he was additionally recording the province of Japanese culture at that point, and doing as such absent a lot of editorial or education. Desser composes: The film is, incomprehensibly, both strongly separate and enormously all inclusive. So totally does the film get from particularities of Japanese culture marriage, family, setting that pundits have contended over the film’s fundamental topics. Is it about the separation of the customary family in the light of after war changes (increment urbanization and industrialization, which have prompted the decrease of the more distant family)? Or on the other hand is it about the certainties of life: kids growing up, getting hitched, moving ceaselessly from home, having offspring of their own, abandoning their maturing guardians? In spite of the fact that the film is set in a particular time and spot, such inquiries concerning the breakdown of convention are all inclusive in their allure. † Ozu’s visual style is unquestionably phenomenal, however by contemporary, present day, Japanese or American gauges. At the point when a director’s visual style is vital, it’s typically due to something ostentatious, something with spirit. The inverse is valid with Ozu: What makes his movies stand apart is the means by which quiet and peaceful they are, yet how welcoming and warm. He shoots most scenes as though from the point of view of somebody stooping on the floor, watching the activity. This came to be known as the â€Å"tatami shot,† alluding to the conventional Japanese tangle. The camera doesn’t tilt upward, however. It stays level, looking straight ahead, and it never moves. (Roger Ebert says the camera moves just a single time in Tokyo Story, and this is â€Å"more than usual† for an Ozu film. ) When characters have discussions, Ozu will regularly have them look legitimately at the camera, as though we are the other individual. At that point he’ll slice to the next character making their answer, additionally taking a gander at the camera. Indeed, even an easygoing moviegoer won't

Georgia Tech SAT and ACT Scores What You Need to Get In

So You Want to Go to Georgia Tech†¦ There can be all kinds of reasons behind someones choice of dream school. When I was sixteen, I thought my life would be over unless I got into Reed College – even though my desire to go there was mostly based on a pleasant memory of a family road trip through Oregon and a vague idea that going to a school with â€Å"fancy architecture† would reflect positively on me. There are a lot of great things about Reed, but I wasn’t aware of what they actually were when I was applying. I don’t know exactly why you’re interested in Georgia Tech, but I can think of a few very good reasons you might want to go there (besides the fancy architecture): Georgia Tech is one of the highest (in some majors, the #1) ranked engineering school in the country. Georgia Tech is also one of the top ten public universities in the United States. This means the cost of attending Georgia Tech is relatively low compared most other (private) schools of its caliber. Georgia Tech puts a strong emphasis on student job placement, both during and after college. In 2017 GT grads had a 75.9% job placement rate with a median salary of $70,000 (52.1% of fresh graduates reporting). Thats pretty good! Georgia Tech is in Atlanta, and Atlanta is cool! Just look at this bustling metropolis: Now you just have to get in. Unsurprisingly, your test scores are going to be big part of that picture (though not the only part!) and we’re here to help. Keep reading for a whole lot of information about Georgia Tech SAT Scores (†¦or Georgia Tech ACT Scores, if that’s more your cup of tea). Once you know what to aim for, well talk about how to get your scores where they need to be. The Magic Formula for Getting Accepted! There is no magic formula for getting into Georgia Tech. Sorry. 🙠 When I took the SAT’s in high school, I scored way, way above the average SAT score for incoming freshman at Reed – and I still didn’t get in. There’s a lot that goes into admissions, and test scores only account for about a third (or less) of the decision whether to admit or deny a student. The newest class of students admitted into Georgia Tech represents a tiny-but-diverse portion of the group that applied. Of the 31,90. What does that mean? Well, it means the top 25% of students admitted to Georgia Tech this year earned a combined SAT score of over 190. And the bottom 25% earned below 1360. Therefore, 75% of Georgia Tech’s most recently admitted class scored above a 1360 on the SAT. It’s generally a good practice to aim for an SAT score around the 75th percentile of whatever the school your looking at has recently admitted. So in this case your goal score would be a 1490. Having a concrete goal will help you focus your studying, and hitting the 75th percentile of Georgia Tech SAT scores will give you a really nice cushion as you go into the admissions process. While Georgia Tech may be your dream school, chances are you have other schools on your list too. Maybe Georgia Tech isnt even your dream school and you just came here to see my great GIFs. Either way, youll probably be applying to more than one school, and for that reason weve put together a post covering the SAT score range for each of the top 100 colleges and universities in America. More than one goal score never hurt anyone! Georgia Tech Admissions By the Numbers: Georgia Tech ACT Scores For students who submitted ACT scores and were admitted to Georgia Tech in 2017, the 25th percentile score was 30; the 75th percentile score was 34. Same drill here. Shooting for the 75th percentile of Georgia Tech ACT scores while make your own score competitive, so try to aim for a 34 – and definitely make a point to score higher than 29. A Note on Re-Taking the Exam It’s also important to note here that you can take both the SAT and the ACT more than once. People who work in admissions understand that students get nervous, and that their first test score is not always indicative of their ability. Georgia Tech super scores, which means they will make their decisions based on the highest scores you get – even if that means taking the Math score from one SAT attempt and your Evidence-Based Reading and Writing score from another (same goes for the ACT). So even if theres just one section you could see yourself improving in, it may be worth taking the test again. The Takeaway A well-rounded application is extremely important – scores aren’t everything. However, test prep should be your friend! There are a lot of parts of the admissions process that you won’t be able to control, but your SAT or ACT scores are something that you can have a real say in. If going to Georgia Tech is your dream, then you need to start planning early. Figure out whether the SAT or ACT is best for you. Take the PSAT or PreACT your sophomore year. Create a study schedule that fits into your busy life. I would strongly recommend finding a test prep program that works for you (consider checking out the Free 1-Week SAT Trial or the Free 1-Week ACT Trial from Magoosh). Think about taking the test twice if you need to. Prepare yourself to the best of your ability – if you’ve done your best, there’s nothing to regret. Hopefully, Georgia Tech will admit you with open arms (and some financial aid!) But, if not, there are many of other amazing universities out there that would love to add you to their community. That’s what happened to me. 😉 But for now, it’s time to get studying!

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Essay about Christendom and The Song of Roland - 1119 Words

The Song of Roland is the oldest epic poem in French, written by an anonymous poet, composed in between late eleven century to twelfth century. This epic poetry holds an important place in the history of France and invention of Christendom. The Song of Roland is a cultural artifact that takes us to the journey of Medieval Europe, when religion becomes an important element for the formation of proto-Europe. Religion plays a crucial role in The Song of Roland and becomes the reason of criticism. Some readers might take this poem as a religious text, whereas, for some reader it is a fictional literary work and contain ideological perspective. The Song of Roland cannot be consider as a religious text, however, the poet uses religion for†¦show more content†¦The time, when The Song of Roland was composed, is the era of creating national identity for diverse kingdoms to unite and form a harmonious cultural area. To recognize the â€Å"self† it becomes important to separates the â€Å"other† in terms of race, religion and culture. For The Song of Roland, religion is selected to separate â€Å"others†. The misrepresentation of Muslims as pagans can be found throughout the poem, which helps Christians to recognize themselves righteous and superior to Muslims. Davies Norman quotes T.S. Eliot in Europe: A History, â€Å"The dominant feature in creating a common culture†¦is religion†¦ I am talking about the common tradition of Christianity which has made Europe.† (Norman qtd. Eliot 9). Eliot emphasizes the importance of Christianity for Europe. Christianity become a symbol for medieval Europe and gives a label of â€Å"Christendom† to the nation. The self-recognition by separating others continues. In thirteen and fourteenth century, Christians gain prejudice by persecuting and demonizing Jews. George M. Frederickson quotes Joshua Trachtenberg in Religion and Invention of Racism, â€Å"Not being a human being but a demonic, a diabolic beast fighting the forces of truth†¦was the Jew as medieval Europe saw him.† (Frederickson 21). Followed by Dante Alighieri illustration of Hell (Inferno), Purgatory (Purgatorio) and Paradise (Paradiso) in The Divine Comedy in 1321, where Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was placed inShow MoreRelatedWhat Is The Theme Of The Song Of Roland1747 Words   |  7 PagesThe Song of Roland is the foundation of the French literary tradition. One of the earliest poems written in French, it describes the process by which France left behind its Germanic past as a loose confederation of powerful families and accepted its future as a Christian nation united by loyalties to king and country. T his story is told as a clash of powerful personalities who are together engaged in a holy war against the Muslims in Spain. 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The three most famous of these, Beowulf, The Song of the Nibelungen, and the Song of Roland, were transmitted orally for hundreds of years before they were written down sometime between the tenth and thirteenth centuries. (p.71) Although this age had a brief renaissance, the Early Middle Ages was a shadow of the greatRead MoreFeudalism2848 Words   |  12 Pagesthe guy at the top-even smaller and smaller units. With this increase in decentralization, or weakening of central power in Europe†¦ For a while, the Eastern emperor was the only person that even looked like a ruler to many members of Latin Christendom, and they did exercise some power over the folks in the west. But even that was on the wane. In 660, Constantine II visited Rome with a sizable army and an assembly of nobles. Everyone came out to greet him, big parade. A diplomatic mission?

Slaughterhouse Five Essay free essay sample

Kurt Vonnegut wrote the book Slaughterhouse-Five in order to express his feeling of disgust towards the brutality of World War II. It was written as a general statement against all wars. Vonnegut focuses on the shock and outrage over the havoc and destruction man is capable of reeking in the name of what he labels a worthy cause, while learning to understand and accept these horrors and ones feelings about them. Through his character, Billy Pilgrim, he conveys not only these feelings and emotions, but also the message that we must exercise our free will to alter the unfortunate happenings that might occur in our lives. Vonnegut had tremendous difficulty writing this novel. He says, I thought it would be easy for me to write about the destruction of Dresden, since all I would have to do would be to report what I had seen (Vonnegut 2). He did not count on his emotions interfering with his attempts at a factual and logical report of such atrocities. We will write a custom essay sample on Slaughterhouse Five Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It took Vonnegut twenty years to directly face his private demon of the firebombing of Dresden in the form of this novel. He had trouble recalling any memories of substance about his time in Dresden. It could be said that he was blinded by the firebombs of Dresden. It was not until Vonnegut returned to the sight of the bombing twenty years later, along with one of his war buddies, that he was able to recall the disastrous and horrific incidents in Dresden. The novel served as a form of therapy for Vonnegut; it enabled him to examine the events of the past that impacted on his life, and to come to terms with them. Vonnegut chooses to focus the novel on events surrounding the firebombing of Dresden, Germany.